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If a taxpayer disagrees with an IRS decision, they can ask the IRS Independent Office of Appeals to review their case. This office is separate from the rest of the IRS. Appeals officers review cases that taxpayers submitted, meet with the taxpayer informally and consider the taxpayer’s position and the IRS's position in a fair and unbiased manner.

Overview of the appeals process

Here's what taxpayers need to know if they want to appeal their case:


To submit an appeal request, taxpayers mail their request in writing to the office that sent them the letter with their appeal rights. For information on filing a formal written protest or a small case request, taxpayers should review Publication 5, Your Appeal Rights and How To Prepare a Protest If You Disagree. The IRS office that receives the request will consider the taxpayer's request and attempt to resolve the disputed tax issues. If that office can't resolve the taxpayer's issues, they will forward the case to Appeals for consideration.


Once the request is with Appeals, the Appeals officer contacts the taxpayer within 45 days by mail to schedule an informal conference to review the taxpayer's situation. Appeals conducts conferences by phone, in person and by video. Taxpayers may choose which type of conference they prefer.  
 
At the conference, the Appeals officer discusses with the taxpayer the law as it applies to the facts of the case, including court rulings on similar cases.  
 
If a taxpayer hasn't heard about their appeal andit's been more than 120 days since they filed their request, taxpayers can ask for a status update by contacting the IRS office they worked with last.  











If the taxpayer sends new information or documents to Appeals, the Appeals officer may need to send the case back to the original IRS office to review the new information. Appeals will not raise new issues or reopen issues agreed to by the taxpayer or the IRS except in cases of potential fraud or malfeasance.  

Appeals officers review the facts, the law, the taxpayer's comments and information the taxpayer and the IRS office presented before they make a final decision. They will also explain to the taxpayer the reasons for the decision and their options. Generally, there are three outcomes of an appeal:

In the IRS's favor: If the facts and laws support the government's position, the Appeals officer recommends that the taxpayer concede and give up the issue.
In the taxpayer's favor: If the law and facts support the taxpayer's position or courts have ruled in favor of taxpayers in similar cases, the Appeals officer recommends that the IRS concede and give up the issue.
Compromise: The Appeals officer may recommend a compromise when the facts or laws are unclear or the courts have made different rulings on similar cases. In this situation, Appeals may recommend a settlement where the taxpayer pays a percentage of the tax due.




Interest continues to add up on any unpaid balance a taxpayer owes as Appeals reviews a case.


Source: IRS.gov

US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

If taxpayers missed the deadline to file a federal tax return, the IRS can help
Taxpayers who missed the April tax filing and payment deadline should file as soon as they can. The IRS offers resources to help those who may be unable to pay their tax bill in total. Those who missed the deadline to file but owe taxes should file quickly to minimize penalties and interest.
Taxpayers should keep in mind that payments are still due by the April 15 deadline, even if they requested an extension of time to file a tax return. An extension to file is not an extension to pay.
Depending on their circumstances, some taxpayers have more time to file and pay.
Taxpayers who owe tax
Taxpayers who still owe taxes should file their tax return and pay any taxes owed quickly to reduce penalties and interest. Until the balance is paid in full, interest and penalties accrue on taxes owed.
Even if a taxpayer can't afford to immediately pay the full amount of taxes owed, they should still file a tax return and pay as much as possible. This reduces interest and penalties on the outstanding amount and may help avoid a possible late-filing penalty. 
There are options for taxpayers who owe the IRS but cannot afford to pay. For more information see the penalties page on IRS.gov.
Taxpayers may qualify for penalty relief if they have filed and paid timely for the past three years and meet other important requirements, including paying or arranging to pay any tax due. For more information, see the first-time penalty abatement page on IRS.gov.
Taxpayers who don’t owe tax or are owed a refund 
Taxpayers who choose not to file a return because they don't earn enough to meet the filing requirement may miss out on receiving a refund due to potential refundable tax credits. Some examples are the Earned Income Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit. Taxpayers sometimes fail to file a tax return and claim a refund for these credits and others for which they may be eligible.
There's no penalty for filing after the April 15 deadline if a refund is due. However, taxpayers due a refund should still consider filing as soon as possible. 








Members of the military community can still use MilTax
Eligible members of the military community can also file their taxes using MilTax, a free tax resource offered through the Department of Defense. Eligible taxpayers can use MilTax to electronically file a federal tax return and up to three state returns for free.
Some taxpayers have extra time
Some taxpayers automatically qualify for extra time to file and pay taxes due without penalties and interest, including:


Taxpayers in certain disaster areas. There’s no need for these taxpayers to submit an extension; extra time is granted automatically due to the disaster. Information on the most recent tax relief for disaster situations is available on the IRS website. 
U.S. citizens and resident aliens who live and work outside of the United States and Puerto Rico. 
Members of the military on duty outside the United States and Puerto Rico, and those serving in combat zones.


Source: IRS.gov

US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

Tax credits for individuals: What they are and how they can benefit taxpayers

A tax credit is an amount taxpayers claim on their tax return generally to reduce their income tax. Eligible taxpayers can use them to potentially reduce their tax bill and increase their refund.

Refundable vs. nonrefundable tax credits
Some tax credits are refundable. If a taxpayer's tax bill is less than the amount of a refundable credit, they can get the difference back in their refund. Some taxpayers who aren't required to file may still want to do so to claim refundable tax credits. Not all tax credits are refundable, however. For nonrefundable tax credits, once a taxpayer's liability is zero, the taxpayer won't get any leftover amount back as a refund. There are a wide range of tax credits, and the amount and types available can vary by tax year. Taxpayers should carefully review current tax credits when preparing their federal tax return.

Earned Income Tax Credit
One refundable tax credit for moderate- and low-income taxpayers is the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). The IRS estimates four out of five eligible workers claim the EITC, which means millions of taxpayers are putting EITC dollars to work for them. Unfortunately, there are millions of workers who qualify but don't claim the EITC - missing out on thousands of dollars every year. This includes workers who are: Grandparents raising their grandchildren. Native Americans. Veterans. Self-employed. Without a qualifying child. Recently divorced, unemployed or experienced other changes to their marital, financial or parental status. Below the filing requirement with earnings. Not proficient in English. Living in rural areas. Receiving certain disability pensions or have children with disabilities. Taxpayers can find detailed information in Publication 596, Earned Income Credit, or use the EITC Assistant to learn if they're eligible for the tax credit.

Child Tax Credit and Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit The Child Tax Credit is nonrefundable and reduces the taxpayer's tax liability. To qualify, the child must: Be a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, or U.S. resident under age 17. Have a Social Security number. Be claimed as a dependent on the taxpayer's tax return. Qualifying children may include foster children or extended family members if they meet other criteria. Dependents not eligible for the Child Tax Credit may qualify a taxpayer for the credit for other dependents. Taxpayers who paid someone to care for their child, spouse or dependent so they can work, be a full-time student or look for work may be able to reduce their tax by claiming the Child and Dependent Care Credit. Publication 503, Child and Dependent Care Expenses, has detailed information.

American Opportunity Tax Credit
The American Opportunity Tax Credit is for qualified education expenses paid by or on behalf of an eligible student for the first four years of higher education. It is partially refundable. If the credit reduces the amount of tax a taxpayer owes to zero, they can get a refund of 40% of any remaining amount of the credit, up to $1,000. Taxpayers can get a maximum annual credit of $2,500 per eligible student. The amount of the credit is 100% of the first $2,000 and 25% of the next $2,000 of qualified education expenses a taxpayer paid for each eligible student. To claim the full credit, a taxpayer's income must be $80,000 or less ($160,000 or less for married filing jointly). The credit phases out entirely for taxpayers with income over $90,000 ($180,000 for joint filers). Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education, has detailed information.

Other tax credits
There are many other tax credits for which a taxpayer may be eligible. Taxpayers can review the credits and deductions page on IRS.gov to see which credits they may be able to claim, including: Family and Dependent Credits Income and Savings Credits Homeowner Credits Electric Vehicle Credits Health Care Credits Interactive Tax Assistant can help with tax credit questions The Interactive Tax Assistant is a tool that provides answers to many common tax law questions based on an individual's specific circumstances. User information is anonymous, and the system discards it when the user exits a topic. The assistant uses information to answer taxpayer questions and won't share or store it, nor can it identify individuals. It can help taxpayers with these tax credit-related questions: Am I Eligible to Claim an Education Credit? Does My Child/Dependent Qualify for the Child Tax Credit or the Credit for Other Dependents? Am I Eligible to Claim the Premium Tax Credit? Am I Eligible to Claim the Child and Dependent Care Credit? Do I Qualify for the Credit for the Elderly or Disabled? Do I Qualify for the Retirement Savings Contributions Credit? Am I Eligible to Claim a Credit for Adopting a Child or to Exclude Employer-Provided Adoption Benefits From My Employer? Am I Eligible to Claim the Foreign Tax Credit? Do I Need to Repay the First-Time Homebuyer Credit? Taxpayers can find more information about refundable credits and general filing information from: IRS Free File A trusted tax professional.





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Source: IRS.gov

US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

Per the Bank Secrecy Act, every year you must report certain foreign financial accounts, such as bank accounts, brokerage accounts and mutual funds, to the Treasury Department and keep certain records of those accounts. You report the accounts by filing a Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR) on Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) Form 114.

Who must file

A U.S. person, including a citizen, resident, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust and estate, must file an FBAR to report:


a financial interest in or signature or other authority over at least one financial account located outside the United States if
the aggregate value of those foreign financial accounts exceeded $10,000 at any time during the calendar year reported.


Generally, an account at a financial institution located outside the United States is a foreign financial account. Whether the account produced taxable income has no effect on whether the account is a foreign financial account for FBAR purposes.

But, you don’t need to report foreign financial accounts that are:


Correspondent/Nostro accounts,
Owned by a governmental entity,
Owned by an international financial institution,
Maintained on a U.S. military banking facility, 
Held in an individual retirement account (IRA) of which you’re an owner or beneficiary,
Held in a retirement plan of which you’re a participant or beneficiary, or
Part of a trust of which you’re a beneficiary, if a U.S. person (trust, trustee of the trust or agent of the trust) files an FBAR reporting these accounts.


You don’t need to file an FBAR for the calendar year if: 


All your foreign financial accounts are reported on a consolidated FBAR, or
You jointly own all your foreign financial accounts with your spouse and:

You completed and signed FinCEN Form 114a authorizing your spouse to file on your behalf, and your spouse reports the jointly owned accounts on a timely-filed signed FBAR. 




Note: Income tax filing status, such as married-filing-jointly and married-filing-separately, has no effect on your qualification for this exception.

The FBAR resources below provide more detailed information.

When to file

The FBAR is an annual report, due April 15 following the calendar year reported. You’re allowed an automatic extension to October 15 if you fail to meet the FBAR annual due date of April 15. You don’t need to request an extension to file the FBAR. See FinCEN’s websitePDF for further information.

If you’re affected by a natural disaster, the government may further extend your FBAR due date. It’s important that you review relevant FBAR relief notices for complete information.

The government continues to extend the FBAR due date for certain employees or officers with signature or other authority over, but no financial interest in certain foreign financial accounts. Review important details about this extension in the most recent notice for certain financial professionals.

How to file

You must file the FBAR electronically through FinCEN’s BSA E-Filing System. You don’t file the FBAR with your federal tax return. 

If you want to paper-file your FBAR, you must call FinCEN’s Resource Center to request an exemption from e-filing. See Contact Us below to reach this resource center. If FinCEN approves your request, FinCEN will send you the paper FBAR form to complete and mail to the IRS at the address in the form’s instructions. IRS will not accept paper filings on TD F 90-22.1 (obsolete) or a printed FinCEN Form 114 (for e-filing only). 

If you want someone to file your FBAR on your behalf, use FinCEN Report 114a, Record of Authorization to Electronically File FBARsPDF, to authorize that person to do so. You don’t submit FinCEN Report 114a when filing the FBAR; just keep it for your records and make it available to FinCEN or IRS upon request.








Keeping records

For each account you must report on an FBAR, you must keep records with this information: 


Name on the account, 
Account number,
Name and address of the foreign bank, 
Type of account, and 
Maximum value during the year. 


The law doesn’t specify the type of document to keep with this information. Documents may include bank statements or a copy of a filed FBAR if they have the required information. 

Generally, you must keep these records for five years from the due date of the FBAR. 

Exception: An officer or employee who files an FBAR to report signature authority over an employer's foreign financial account doesn’t need to personally keep records on these accounts. The employer must keep the records for these accounts.

Penalties

You may be subject to civil monetary penalties and/or criminal penalties for FBAR reporting and/or recordkeeping violations. Assertion of penalties depends on facts and circumstances. Civil FBAR penalty maximums in Title 31 of the United States Code are adjusted annually for inflation. Publication 5569, Report of Foreign Bank & Financial Accounts (FBAR) Reference GuidePDF contains information about criminal penalties.

Filing delinquent FBARs

Filing an FBAR late or not at all is a violation and may subject you to penalties. If the IRS hasn’t contacted you about a late FBAR and you’re not under civil or criminal investigation by the IRS, you should file late FBARs as soon as possible to keep potential penalties to a minimum.

Follow these instructions to explain your reason for filing late. If you’re using a compliance option, such as the Streamlined filing compliance procedures, follow the instructions for the specific compliance option. 

Representation for FBAR issues

You can authorize someone to represent you for FBAR matters if you wish. To do so, you may use Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative, or a general power of attorney form executed under applicable state law. If using Form 2848, complete Line 3, Acts Authorized, as follows:


Under Description of Matter - Matters relating to Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts or “FBAR Examination”
Under Tax Form Number - FinCEN Form 114
Under Year(s) or Period(s) – applicable calendar year(s)




Source: IRS.gov

US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

WASHINGTON — The Internal Revenue Service today announced interest rates will remain the same for the calendar quarter beginning April 1, 2024.

For individuals, the rate for overpayments and underpayments will be 8% per year, compounded daily. Here’s a complete list of the new rates:


8% for overpayments (payments made in excess of the amount owed), 7% for corporations.
5.5% for the portion of a corporate overpayment exceeding $10,000.
8% for underpayments (taxes owed but not fully paid).
10% for large corporate underpayments.


Under the Internal Revenue Code, the rate of interest is determined on a quarterly basis. For taxpayers other than corporations, the overpayment and underpayment rate is the federal short-term rate plus three percentage points.

Generally, in the case of a corporation, the underpayment rate is the federal short-term rate plus three percentage points and the overpayment rate is the federal short-term rate plus two percentage points. The rate for large corporate underpayments is the federal short-term rate plus five percentage points. The rate on the portion of a corporate overpayment of tax exceeding $10,000 for a taxable period is the federal short-term rate plus one-half (0.5) of a percentage point.

The interest rates announced today are computed from the federal short-term rate determined during January 2024. See the revenue ruling for details.

Revenue Ruling 2024-6 announcing the rates of interest, is attached and will appear in Internal Revenue Bulletin 2024-10, dated March 4, 2024.




Source: IRS.gov

US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

If you are required to file Form 8938, you must report your financial accounts maintained by a foreign financial institution.  Examples of financial accounts include:


Savings, deposit, checking, and brokerage accounts held with a bank or broker-dealer.


And, to the extent held for investment and not held in a financial account, you must report stock or securities issued by someone who is not a U.S. person, any other interest in a foreign entity, and any financial instrument or contract held for investment with an issuer or counterpart that is not a U.S. person.  Examples of these assets that must be reported if not held in an account include:


Stock or securities issued by a foreign corporation;
A note, bond or debenture issued by a foreign person;
An interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap or similar agreement with a foreign counterpart;
An option or other derivative instrument with respect to any of these examples or with respect to any currency or commodity that is entered into with a foreign counterpart or issuer;
A partnership interest in a foreign partnership;
An interest in a foreign retirement plan or deferred compensation plan;
An interest in a foreign estate;
Any interest in a foreign-issued insurance contract or annuity with a cash-surrender value. 


The examples listed above do not comprise an exclusive list of assets required to be reported.






Source: IRS.gov

US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

WASHINGTON — In a major step to help people who owe back taxes, the Internal Revenue Service today announced new penalty relief for approximately 4.7 million individuals, businesses and tax-exempt organizations that were not sent automated collection reminder notices during the pandemic.

The IRS will be providing about $1 billion in penalty relief. Most of those receiving the penalty relief make under $400,000 a year.

Due to the unprecedented effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the IRS temporarily suspended the mailing of automated reminders to pay overdue tax bills starting in February 2022. These reminders would have normally been issued as a follow up after the initial notice. Although these reminder notices were suspended, the failure-to-pay penalty continues to accrue for taxpayers who did not fully pay their bills in response to the initial balance due notice.

Given this unusual situation, the IRS is taking several steps in advance of resuming normal collection notices for tax years 2020 and 2021 to help taxpayers with unpaid tax bills, including some people who have not received a notice from the IRS in more than a year.

To help taxpayers as the normal processes resume, the IRS will be issuing a special reminder letter starting next month. The letter will alert the taxpayer of their liability, easy ways to pay and the amount of penalty relief, if applied. The IRS urges taxpayers who are unable to pay their full balance due to visit IRS.gov/payments to make arrangements to resolve their bill.

The IRS is also taking steps to waive the failure-to-pay penalties for eligible taxpayers affected by this situation for tax years 2020 and 2021. The IRS estimates 5 million tax returns -- filed by 4.7 million individuals, businesses, trusts, estates and tax-exempt organizations -- are eligible for the penalty relief. This represents $1 billion in savings to taxpayers, or about $206 per return.

As a first step, the IRS has adjusted eligible individual accounts and will follow with adjustments to business accounts in late December to early January, and then trusts, estates and tax-exempt organizations in late February to early March 2024. Nearly 70 percent of the individual taxpayers receiving penalty relief have income under $100,000 per year.

The IRS is releasing Notice 2024-7, which explains how the agency is providing failure-to-pay penalty relief to eligible taxpayers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to help them meet their federal tax obligations.

"As the IRS has been preparing to return to normal collection mailings, we have been concerned about taxpayers who haven't heard from us in a while suddenly getting a larger tax bill. The IRS should be looking out for taxpayers, and this penalty relief is a common-sense approach to help people in this situation," said IRS Commissioner Danny Werfel. "We are taking other steps to help taxpayers with past-due bills, and we have options to help people struggling to pay."

This penalty relief is automatic. Eligible taxpayers don't need to take any action to get it. Eligible taxpayers who already paid their full balance will benefit from the relief, too; if a taxpayer already paid failure-to-pay penalties related to their 2020 and 2021 tax years, the IRS will issue a refund or credit the payment toward another outstanding tax liability.

The penalty relief only applies to eligible taxpayers with assessed tax under $100,000. Eligible taxpayers include individuals, businesses, trusts, estates and tax-exempt organizations that filed certain Forms 1040, 1120, 1041 and 990-T income tax returns for tax years 2020 or 2021, with an assessed tax of less than $100,000, and that were in the IRS collection notice process -- or were issued an initial balance due notice between Feb. 5, 2022, and Dec. 7, 2023. The IRS notes the $100,000 limit applies separately to each return and each entity. The failure-to-pay penalty will resume on April 1, 2024, for taxpayers eligible for relief.

Taxpayers who are not eligible for this automatic relief also have options. They may use existing penalty relief procedures, such as applying for relief under the reasonable cause criteria or the First-Time Abate program. Visit IRS.gov/penaltyrelief for details.

If the automatic relief results in a refund or credit, individual and business taxpayers will be able to see it by viewing their tax transcript. The IRS will send the first round of refunds starting now through January 2024. If a taxpayer does not receive a refund, a special reminder notice may be sent with their updated balance beginning in early 2024. Taxpayers with questions on penalty relief can contact the IRS after March 31, 2024.

Help for taxpayers needing assistance

The IRS reminds taxpayers that there are a number of payment options and online tools that can help taxpayers with unpaid tax debts, whether it's a new tax bill or a long-standing tax debt for an unfiled return.

"The IRS wants to help taxpayers and provide them easy options to deal with unpaid tax bills and avoid additional interest and penalties," said Werfel. "People receiving these notices should remember that there are frequently overlooked options that can help them set up an automatic payment plan or catch up with their tax filings. Making additional improvements in the collection area will be an important focus for the IRS going forward as we continue and accelerate our transformation work."

Following funding from the Inflation Reduction Act, it's now easier for taxpayers to get assistance with tax bills with new self-help tools, like the IRS Document Upload Tool, improved phone service with callback features and the addition of bots that can answer simple questions, set up or modify a payment plan and request a transcript. The IRS also encourages taxpayers to get an IRS Online Account, where they can see information about an unpaid tax bill or apply for an online payment plan.










Resumption of collection notices begins in 2024

In January, the IRS will begin sending automated collection notices and letters to individuals with tax debts prior to tax year 2022, and businesses, tax exempt organizations, trusts and estates with tax debts prior to 2023, with exceptions for those with existing debt in multiple years. These notices and letters were previously paused due to the pandemic and high inventories at the IRS but will gradually resume during the next several months. Current tax year 2022 individual and third quarter 2023 business taxpayers began receiving automated collection notices this fall as the IRS took steps to return to business as usual.

The pause in collection mailings affected only follow-up reminder mailings. The IRS did not suspend the mailing of the first, or initial, balance due notices for taxpayers such as the CP14 and CP161 notices.

The pause meant that some taxpayers who have long-standing tax debt have not received a formal letter or notice from the IRS in more than a year while some of this older collection work has been paused. To help the taxpayers in this category as the normal processes resume, the IRS will be issuing a special reminder letter to them starting next month.

This reminder letter will alert the taxpayer of the liability and will direct them to contact the IRS or make alternative arrangements to resolve the bill. Tax professionals and taxpayers will see these reminder letters in the form of letter LT38, Reminder, Notice Resumption.

This letter will remind taxpayers about their tax liability, giving them an opportunity to address the tax issue before the next round of letters are issued. After receiving the reminder mailing, these taxpayers with long-standing unresolved tax issues will receive the next notice, informing them of a more serious step in the tax collection process.

The IRS urges taxpayers to carefully read any letter or notice they receive before calling the IRS. There are also important resources available to get help for tax debt on IRS.gov.

The IRS will issue these balance due notices and letters in gradual stages next year to ensure taxpayers who have questions or need help are able to reach an IRS assistor. This will also provide additional time for tax professionals assisting taxpayers.

Here's what taxpayers should know about possible penalties and interest

Taxpayers who owe tax and don't file on time may be charged a failure-to-file penalty. This penalty is usually 5 percent of the tax owed for each month or part of a month that the tax return is late, up to 25 percent.

The failure-to-pay penalty applies if a taxpayer doesn't pay the taxes they report on their tax return by the due date or if the taxpayer doesn't pay the amount required to be shown on their return within 21 calendar days of receiving a notice demanding payment (or 10 business days if the amount is greater than $100,000).

The IRS is required by law to charge interest when a tax balance is not paid on time. Interest cannot be reduced due to reasonable cause. Interest is based on the amount of tax owed for each day it's not paid in full. The interest is compounded daily, so it is assessed on the previous day's balance plus the interest. Interest rates are determined every three months and can vary based on type of tax; for example, individual or business tax liabilities. More information is available on the interest page of IRS.gov.



Source: IRS.gov

US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

IRS, Dec.7, 2023

1. Withholding on Dispositions by Foreign Persons of U.S. Real Property Interests, Calendar Year 2020 A new table presenting data for Calendar Year 2020 from Withholding Tax on Dispositions of U.S. Real Property Interests by Foreign Persons (Form 8288-A) is now available on SOI's Tax Stats webpage. The table presents the number of returns reporting the sales price of U.S. real property interest, Federal income tax withheld, and country of residence of foreign persons as reported on Form 8288-A.

2. Foreign Recipients of U.S. Income, Tax Year 2021 Three tables from SOI's Foreign Recipients of U.S. Income Study, Tax Year 2021 are now available on SOI's Tax Stats webpage. The tables present data from Foreign Person's U.S. Source Income Subject to Withholding (Form 1042-S). Tables 1 and 2 include statistics for the number of returns, total income, tax withheld, income subject to withholding, income exempt from withholding, and income by category. Data are available by selected countries and recipient types. Table 3 presents data for returns reporting payments and amounts withheld pursuant to Chapter 4 of the Internal Revenue Code. Table 3 also includes statistics for the number of returns, total income, tax withheld, income subject to withholding, and income exempt from withholding. Data are available by selected income types.

3. Individual Returns with Business Attributes, Tax Year 2021 A new table for Tax Year 2021 Individual Income Tax Returns with Small Business Income and Losses is now available on SOI's Tax Stats webpage. This tabulation provides detailed information about Individual Income Tax Returns with Small Business Income and Losses. This includes income from Schedule C, Profit or Loss from Business, Schedule E, Supplemental Income or Loss, and Schedule F, Profit or Loss from Farming.



Source: IRS.gov

US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

IRS, Sep.28, 2023
Individual retirement accounts can be important tools in retirement planning

It is never too early to begin planning for retirement. Individual retirement accounts provide tax incentives for people to make investments that can provide financial security when they retire. These accounts can be with a bank or other financial institution, a life insurance company, mutual fund or stockbroker.
A traditional IRA is the most common type of individual retirement account. IRAs let earnings grow tax deferred. Individuals pay taxes on investment gains only when they make withdrawals. Depositors may be able to claim a deduction on their individual federal income tax return for the amount they contributed to an IRA.
What to consider before investing in a traditional IRA


A traditional IRA is a tax-advantaged personal savings plan where contributions may be tax deductible.
Generally, the money in a traditional IRA isn't taxed until it's withdrawn.
There are annual limits to contributions depending on the person's age and the type of IRA.
When planning when to withdraw money from an IRA, taxpayers should know that:

They may face a 10% penalty and a tax bill if they withdraw money before age 59½ unless they qualify for an exception.
Usually, they must start taking withdrawals from their IRA when they reach age 73 (age 72 if they turned 72 in 2022). For tax years 2019 and earlier, that age was 70½.
Special distribution rules apply for IRA beneficiaries.









Differences between a Roth and a traditional IRA
A Roth IRA is another tax-advantaged personal savings plan with many of the same rules as a traditional IRA, but there are exceptions:


A taxpayer can't deduct contributions to a Roth IRA.
Qualified distributions are tax free.
Roth IRAs don't require withdrawals until after the death of the owner.

Other types of IRAs


Simplified Employee Pension - A SEP IRA is set up by an employer. The employer makes contributions directly to an IRA set up for each employee.
Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees - A SIMPLE IRA allows the employer and employees to contribute to an IRA set up for each employee. It is suited as a start-up retirement savings plan for small employers not currently sponsoring a retirement plan.
Payroll Deduction IRA - Employees set up a traditional or a Roth IRA with a financial institution and authorize a payroll deduction agreement with their employer.
Rollover IRA - The IRA owner receives a payment from their retirement plan and deposits it into an IRA within 60 days.



Resource: 
https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/individual-retirement-accounts-can-be-important-tools-in-retirement-planning
US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

IRS, Oct.10, 2023
The deadline is around the corner for taxpayers with an extension to file. It’s important for taxpayers to gather all their records and get copies of any missing documents before they sit down to prepare their return, and taxpayers who use a professional tax preparer should make sure they have all their information ready before their appointment. This helps them file a complete and accurate tax return. 

Here’s the information taxpayers may need. Not all information applies to all taxpayers.


Social Security numbers of everyone listed on the tax return. 
Bank account and routing numbers for direct deposit or information to make a tax payment.
Forms W-2 from employer(s).
Forms 1099 from banks, issuing agencies and other payers including unemployment compensation, dividends, distributions from a pension, annuity or retirement plan.
Form 1099-K, 1099-MISC, W-2 or other income statement for workers in the gig economy.
Form 1099-INT for interest received.
Other income documents and records of virtual currency transactions.
Form 1095-A, Health Insurance Marketplace Statement.
Information to support claiming other credits or deductions such as receipts for child or dependent care, college expenses or donations.






Missing documents: What taxpayers should do 
To request a missing W-2 or Form 1099, taxpayers should contact the employer, payer or issuing agency. This also applies for taxpayers who received an incorrect W-2 or Form 1099.
If they still can't get the forms, taxpayers can complete Form 4852, Substitute for Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement, or Form 1099-R, Distributions From Pensions, Annuities, Retirement or Profit-Sharing Plans, IRAs, Insurance Contracts, etc. If a taxpayer doesn't receive the missing or correct form in time to file their tax return, they can estimate the wages or payments made to them and any taxes withheld. They can use Form 4852 to report this information on their federal tax return. 

Find an authorized e-file provider 
For help finding a tax professional, taxpayers can use the Authorized IRS e-file Provider Locator Service. This is a nationwide listing of all businesses that the IRS has authorized as an IRS e-file provider. They’re qualified to prepare, transmit and process e-filed returns.

Resource: 
https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-reminds-extension-filers-to-have-all-their-info-before-visiting-a-tax-professional
US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

Don’t panic! It is important to remember – not all correspondence from the IRS necessarily contains bad news. 

It is the IRS’s responsibility to make sure your tax return is as accurate as it can be while it is processed and verified. These verification checks can include anything from finding and fixing basic mathematical errors to checking for required attachments, like schedules that support a credit or deduction you are claiming. The IRS also checks to confirm the amounts shown on your return match what banks, employers, third parties, and other government agencies have reported. In some cases, these checks may identify a credit that if you if you are eligible, could result in a bigger refund. 

What should I do if I get correspondence regarding my tax return? 

Open it, read it, and keep it in a safe place (in case you need it later). IRS correspondence always tells you why the IRS is writing, what topic it is about, and either what you need to do in response and by when, or it will tell you that you don’t need to reply at all. 

Letters and notices aren’t always easy to understand. So, here are three resources we recommend you use if you want more help understanding that particular notice or letter: 

Taxpayer Advocate Service’s Taxpayer Roadmap: Use the ‘Did you get a notice from the IRS?’ look-up feature to find a simplified explanation of why it is being sent. Then click on the ‘See notice details’ area to find a fuller explanation of why it is being sent, what this means for you and what next steps you should take. It also provides additional links to related resources you may need to see or use to provide missing information. 
Taxpayer Advocate Service’s Get Help pages: These webpages provide detailed instructions to help you resolve the most common issues we see by yourself. They are grouped by categories. For return processing issues, start with I Got a Notice From the IRS. Then if needed review specific topics that apply to your situation like, I Made a Mistake on My Return or I Need Help Resolving My Balance Due. 
IRS’s Understanding Your IRS Notice or Letter page: These pages explain why notices are sent and contain a search feature to find your specific notice and related information. 


 

If you need more time to respond than indicated, contact the IRS using the contact information provided. 

Note: To find the correspondence number look in either the top or bottom right-hand corner. They will generally be preceded by the letters CP or LTR. 

Do I need to reply? 

Whether you need to reply or not will depend on the issue. 

If you agree with the information or change listed, sometimes there is no need to reply. Other times, even if you do agree, you may need to provide specific information to resolve the issue, particularly if you need to verify your identity or if a schedule is missing. In most tax return processing situations, you generally have 60 days to reply, but be sure to go by the date specified in your letter. 

If you disagree, the letter should outline how to dispute the issue, including what action(s) is needed and a date to complete the action by, as well information about your Taxpayer Rights. 

Whether you agree or not, if it requires a reply – do not delay! You must reply by the date required or you may lose certain resolution options or may also have to pay in full before the IRS will consider your position. See more on this below. 

When to respond 

If your notice or letter requires a response by a specific date, there are many reasons you’ll want to comply. Here are just a few: 
minimize additional interest and penalty charges;  prevent further action from being taken on the account or against you; and  preserve your appeal rights if you don’t agree. 




How and where to reply 

The correspondence should tell you exactly where to send your response, whether it’s to a mailing address or fax number. Follow the instructions. 

What if I want to talk to someone? 

Each notice or letter should include contact information. The telephone number is usually found in the upper right-hand corner. 

If a specific employee is working your case, it will show a specific phone number for that employee or the department manager. Otherwise, it will show the IRS toll-free number (800-829-1040). 

The IRS encourages taxpayers to make use of the IRS.gov website and its online resources, like Tax Law Questions to get questions answered and find resources to resolve problems. 


Important: You’ll want to check the IRS’s Help for taxpayers and tax professionals: Special filing season alerts page for announcements related to processing 2022 tax returns before you call in case the information you need is located there. 


The best days to call the IRS are Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays. The IRS advises that wait times are the longest on Mondays and Tuesdays, and close to the April filing deadline. 

Have a copy of your tax return and the correspondence available when you call. 

Wait – I still need help 

You can generally resolve most notices or letters without help, but you can also get the help of a professional – either the person who prepared your return, or another tax professional. 

If you can’t afford to hire a tax professional to assist you, you may be eligible for free or low cost representation from an attorney, certified public accountant, or enrolled agent associated with a Low Income Taxpayer Clinic (LITC). In addition, LITCs can help if you speak English as a second language and need help understanding the notice or letter. For more information or to find an LITC near you, see the LITC page or IRS Publication 4134, Low Income Taxpayer Clinic List. 

If your IRS problem is causing you financial hardship, see Can TAS help me with my tax issue?. 

More resources 


Issues & Errors Get Help topics 
Paying Taxes Get Help topics 
Notices from the IRS 
Understanding your CP12 Notice from the IRS 
NTA Blog: Math Error Part I 
NTA Blog: Math Error Part II: Math Error Notices Aren’t Just Confusing; Millions of Notices Adjusting the Recovery Rebate Credit Also Omitted Critical Information 
Let Us Help You 



Resource: https://www.taxpayeradvocate.irs.gov/news/tas-tax-tip-what-if-i-receive-an-irs-notice-that-says-something-is-wrong-with-my-2022-tax-return/
US TAX, U.S. TAX
 

IR-2023-112, June 8, 2023

WASHINGTON ― The Internal Revenue Service today encouraged nearly 1.5 million people across the nation to submit a tax return to claim their refunds for tax year 2019 by the July 17, 2023, deadline.

The IRS estimates almost $1.5 billion in refunds remain unclaimed because people haven't filed their 2019 tax returns yet. Available data includes a special state-by-state estimate of how many people are potentially eligible for these refunds in each state and each state's median potential refund. The average median refund for tax year 2019 was $893.

"Time is running out for more than a million people to get their tax refunds for 2019," said IRS Commissioner Danny Werfel. "Many people may have overlooked filing a 2019 tax return due to the pandemic. We don't want people to miss their window to receive their refund. We encourage people to check their records and act quickly before the deadline. The IRS has several important ways that people can get help."

Under the law, taxpayers usually have three years to file and claim their tax refunds. If they don't file within three years, the money becomes the property of the U.S. Treasury.

For 2019 tax returns, however, people have more time than usual to file to claim their refunds. Usually, the normal filing deadline to claim old refunds falls around the April tax deadline, which was April 18 this year for 2022 tax returns. But the three-year window for 2019 unfiled returns was postponed to July 17, 2023, due to the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. IRS Notice 2023-21, issued on Feb. 27, 2023, provided legal guidance on claims made by the postponed deadline. The law requires taxpayers to properly address, mail and ensure the tax return is postmarked by July 17, 2023.

Taxpayers could lose more than just their refund of taxes withheld or paid during 2019. Many low- and moderate-income workers may be eligible for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). For 2019, the credit was worth as much as $6,557. The EITC helps individuals and families whose incomes were below certain thresholds in 2019. Those who are potentially eligible for EITC in 2019 had incomes below:

$50,162 ($55,952 if married filing jointly) for those with three or more qualifying children.
$46,703 ($52,493 if married filing jointly) for people with two qualifying children.
$41,094 ($46,884 if married filing jointly) for those with one qualifying child.
$15,570 ($21,370 if married filing jointly) for people without qualifying children.


 

The IRS reminds taxpayers seeking a 2019 tax refund that their checks may be held if they have not filed tax returns for 2020 and 2021. In addition, the refund will be applied to any amounts still owed to the IRS or a state tax agency and may be used to offset unpaid child support or past due federal debts, such as student loans.

Current and prior-year tax forms (such as the tax year 2019 Forms 1040 and 1040-SR) and instructions are available online on the IRS Forms, Instructions and Publications page or by calling toll-free 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676).
 

Need to file a 2019 tax return? Several options to get key documents

Although it's been several years since 2019, the IRS reminds taxpayers there are ways they can still gather the information they need to file this tax return. People should begin now to make sure they have enough time to file before the July deadline for 2019 refunds. Here are some options:


Request copies of key documents: Taxpayers who are missing Forms W-2, 1098, 1099 or 5498 for the years 2019, 2020 or 2021 can request copies from their employer, bank or other payers.



Use Get Transcript Online at IRS.gov. Taxpayers who are unable to get those missing forms from their employer or other payers can order a free wage and income transcript at IRS.gov using the Get Transcript Online tool. For many taxpayers, this is by far the quickest and easiest option.



Request a transcript. Another option is for people to file Form 4506-T, Request for Transcript of Tax Return, with the IRS to request a "wage and income transcript." A wage and income transcript shows data from information returns received by the IRS, such as Forms W-2, 1099, 1098, Form 5498 and IRA contribution information. Taxpayers can use the information from the transcript to file their tax return. But plan ahead – these written requests can take several weeks; people are strongly urged to try the other options first.




State-by-state estimates of individuals who may be due 2019 income tax refunds

Based on tax information currently available, the IRS estimated how many people in each state may be entitled to a tax refund. The actual refund amount will vary based on a household's tax situation.
 




State or District
Estimated
Number of
Individuals
Median
Potential
Refund
Total
Potential
Refunds*




Alabama
23,900
$880
$23,694,700


Alaska
6,000
$917
$6,542,300


Arizona
35,400
$824
$33,911,500


Arkansas
12,800
$864
$12,586,100


California
144,700
$856
$141,780,000


Colorado
30,100
$859
$29,514,000


Connecticut
15,400
$934
$16,198,400


Delaware
5,700
$880
$5,754,900


District of Columbia
4,400
$887
$4,550,100


Florida
89,300
$893
$89,530,400


Georgia
48,000
$826
$46,269,000


Hawaii
8,800
$932
$9,197,700


Idaho
7,600
$758
$6,996,000


Illinois
55,800
$916
$57,591,300


Indiana
31,700
$916
$32,115,100


Iowa
15,300
$926
$15,492,600


Kansas
14,600
$913
$14,753,700


Kentucky
18,600
$906
$18,574,200


Louisiana
22,000
$877
$22,274,800


Maine
6,400
$876
$6,197,300


Maryland
31,400
$897
$32,344,500


Massachusetts
35,700
$966
$38,400,900


Michigan
48,500
$888
$48,582,600


Minnesota
23,200
$848
$22,387,800


Mississippi
12,300
$820
$11,836,700


Missouri
31,800
$880
$31,345,700


Montana
5,200
$854
$5,144,900


Nebraska
7,800
$893
$7,745,600


Nevada
15,800
$869
$15,550,300


New Hampshire
6,900
$974
$7,451,800


New Jersey
40,500
$924
$42,035,900


New Mexico
9,600
$867
$9,522,400


New York
81,600
$945
$86,826,200


North Carolina
45,800
$862
$44,426,600


North Dakota
3,700
$958
$3,997,100


Ohio
51,800
$868
$50,234,900


Oklahoma
21,400
$897
$21,770,000


Oregon
23,700
$801
$22,348,900


Pennsylvania
56,000
$924
$57,572,600


Rhode Island
4,300
$924
$4,468,700


South Carolina
18,200
$809
$17,264,100


South Dakota
3,700
$918
$3,746,700


Tennessee
28,100
$873
$27,623,700


Texas
135,300
$924
$142,235,200


Utah
11,700
$845
$11,198,400


Vermont
3,100
$901
$3,036,600


Virginia
42,200
$869
$42,110,500


Washington
42,400
$934
$44,823,200


West Virginia
6,500
$959
$6,818,900


Wisconsin
21,000
$834
$20,003,100


Wyoming
3,300
$949
$3,534,800


Totals
1,469,000
$893
$1,479,913,400




* Excluding credits.

Resource: https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/time-is-running-out-taxpayers-missing-1-point-5-billion-in-refunds-for-2019-must-file-by-july-17